Protocols
What blob capacity expansion did to rollup fee markets
Median transaction costs on major layer-2 networks fell sharply, but congestion has simply moved to a new bottleneck.
By Hana Lindqvist · · 7 min read
Section
Protocols
Ethereum, rollups, consensus research and protocol upgrades.
Protocols
Validator client diversity improves, but one client still dominates
Minority clients gained share after a coordinated migration push, yet the largest implementation remains above the threshold researchers consider safe.
By Hana Lindqvist · · 6 min read
Protocols
Shared sequencing testnet goes live with three rollups
The network promises atomic cross-rollup transactions, at the cost of a new coordination layer that participants must trust to stay liveness-neutral.
By Hana Lindqvist · · 7 min read
Protocols
Zero-knowledge proof costs fall as specialised hardware ships
Proving a full block now costs a fraction of last year's figure, changing the economics of validity rollups and light clients.
By Hana Lindqvist · · 6 min read
Protocols
New bridge messaging standard aims to cut exploit surface
A draft specification would force every cross-chain message to carry an explicit expiry, replay guard and named verifier set.
By Elena Kovač · · 6 min read